Working in European countries for non-EU citizens

Thinking about working in another European country? For each of 32 countries – all 27 EU countries plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom – you will find the key labour market figures, where the jobs are, how to apply, pay and working conditions, student jobs and what to do in your first weeks. General advice on job search, your CV and your rights: How to find a job abroad – 10 practical guides »

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Italy

If you are not an EU/EEA or Swiss citizen, you need a residence and work permit. The main routes:

Graduates of Italian universities: after your degree, your study permit can be converted into a permit to look for a job for one year, if you meet the conditions.
EU Blue Card – for highly qualified workers with a job offer above the national salary threshold; it is valid for two years.
Annual quotas (decreto flussi) – most other work permits are issued within yearly quotas, and the employer applies for you. For the 2027 quotas, employers can pre-fill applications on the Interior Ministry portal from 23 October to 7 December 2026.

The government portal integrazionemigranti.gov.it and the EU Immigration Portal (students, EU Blue Card) explain the procedures.

Common questions about job applications and interviews

Key figures: Eurostat (population on 1 January 2026; unemployment and employment rates 2025; minimum wages July 2026); for the United Kingdom – Office for National Statistics; for Liechtenstein – national statistics. Country information: EURES – Living and working conditions, public employment services and the official government websites listed under each country. Rules, thresholds and amounts can change – check the official sources before you move. Updated: October 2026.

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