Thinking about working in another European country? For each of 32 countries – all 27 EU countries plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom – you will find the key labour market figures, where the jobs are, how to apply, pay and working conditions, student jobs and what to do in your first weeks. General advice on job search, your CV and your rights: How to find a job abroad – 10 practical guides »
| Country | Unemployment (15-74) | Youth unemployment (15-24) | Employment rate (20-64) | Minimum wage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 5.7% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 11.5% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 77.6% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements |
| Belgium | 6.2% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 17.4% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 72.8% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €2,234 a month (July 2026) |
| Bulgaria | 3.5% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 13.1% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 77.0% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €620 a month (July 2026) |
| Croatia | 4.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 18.3% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 74.4% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,050 a month (July 2026) |
| Cyprus | 4.4% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 13.5% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 81.3% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,088 a month (July 2026) |
| Czech Republic | 2.8% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 10.4% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 82.9% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €923 a month (July 2026) |
| Denmark | 6.4% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 13.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 79.8% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements |
| Estonia | 7.5% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 20.7% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 81.7% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €946 a month (July 2026) |
| Finland | 9.7% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 21.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 76.3% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements |
| France | 7.7% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 19.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 75.4% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,867 a month (July 2026); national rate: €12.31 an hour (2026) |
| Germany | 3.8% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 7.1% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 81.1% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €2,343 a month (July 2026) |
| Greece | 8.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 19.1% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 71.0% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,073 a month (July 2026) |
| Hungary | 4.4% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 13.9% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 81.1% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €906 a month (July 2026) |
| Iceland | 4.5% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 9.5% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 85.8% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements |
| Ireland | 4.7% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 11.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 80.2% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €2,391 a month (July 2026); national rate: €14.15 an hour (2026) |
| Italy | 6.1% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 20.6% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 67.6% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements |
| Latvia | 6.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 14.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 78.2% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €780 a month (July 2026) |
| Liechtenstein | no Eurostat figure – 416 people registered unemployed with AMS FL (end of August 2026) | no Eurostat figure – national data: Office of Statistics (eTab, table 284.102) | 78.3% (2022; Office of Statistics/Eurostat, quoted by the Government in May 2024) | no statutory minimum wage found – minimum pay depends on your contract and collective agreement (GAV) |
| Lithuania | 6.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 14.1% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 80.0% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,153 a month (July 2026) |
| Luxembourg | 6.5% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 21.6% (2024, latest available) | 73.9% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €2,771 a month (July 2026); national rate: €2,771.33 (unskilled) / €3,325.59 (skilled) a month from 1 June 2026 |
| Malta | 3.1% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 9.6% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 83.6% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €994 a month (July 2026); €229.44 a week for workers aged 18+ (2026) |
| Netherlands | 3.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 8.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 83.4% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €2,338 a month (July 2026); national rate: €14.99 an hour from 1 July 2026 (age 21+) |
| Norway | 4.5% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 14% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 79.5% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements; legally binding minimum wages in 9 sectors, e.g. cleaning: NOK 236.54 an hour (from June 2025) |
| Poland | 3.1% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 12.2% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 78.8% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,119 a month (July 2026) |
| Portugal | 6.0% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 19.5% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 79.6% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,073 a month (July 2026) |
| Romania | 6.1% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 26.1% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 69.0% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €825 a month (July 2026) |
| Slovakia | 5.4% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 15.3% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 78.1% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €915 a month (July 2026) |
| Slovenia | 3.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 12.1% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 78.3% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,482 a month (July 2026) |
| Spain | 10.5% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 24.9% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 72.4% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | €1,425 a month (July 2026) |
| Sweden | 8.8% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 24.3% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 81.8% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none - minimum pay is set in collective agreements |
| Switzerland | 4.9% (2025; EU: 6.0%) | 8.8% (2025; EU: 15.2%) | 82.4% (2025; EU: 76.1%) | none at national level – cantonal minimum wages in Basel-Stadt, Geneva, Jura, Neuchâtel and Ticino (Geneva: CHF 24.59 an hour, 2026) |
| United Kingdom | 4.9% (2025, aged 16+; source: ONS) | 15.0% (2025, aged 16-24; source: ONS) | 75.1% (2025, aged 16-64; source: ONS) | £12.71 an hour from age 21 (National Living Wage, April 2026) |
Key figures: Eurostat (population on 1 January 2026; unemployment and employment rates 2025; minimum wages July 2026); for the United Kingdom – Office for National Statistics; for Liechtenstein – national statistics. Country information: EURES – Living and working conditions, public employment services and the official government websites listed under each country. Rules, thresholds and amounts can change – check the official sources before you move. Updated: October 2026.
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